ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ื

ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ื

ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื, ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื•ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื•ืจ, ืืš ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื›ืžื• ืจื™ื— ื—ื–ืง, ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.

ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืข ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื™ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื– ืžื—ืžืฆืŸ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืคืจืง ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™. ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืœืžืชืจื—ืฆื™ื.

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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื™ื?

ื”ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืžืฆืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื, ืžืคืจืง ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื˜ืจืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ "ื”ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืžื•ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื" (Hansen et al., 2015).

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ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”

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ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื

ื”ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืžืฆืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืžื™ื ืฆืœื•ืœื™ื, ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ื•ื”ืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื” ืฉื ื’ืจืžืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™.

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ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื˜ืื™ื ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื›ืžื• ื˜ืจื™ื”ืœื•ืžืชืื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ื™ "ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”-THM ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ, ื•ืฆืžืฆื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื"

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ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื

ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื•ืจ. ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืžื™ื.

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ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช

ื›ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”:

  • ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ืจ ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื ืข ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื.
  • ืžืขืจื›ืช Slip-stream: ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื—ืžืฆื ื•ืช.
  • ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ื“: ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ, ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืœื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื.

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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืข ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ, ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืœื•ืœื™ื, ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื•ืจ, ืžืฆืžืฆื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”.

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™. ืขื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื–ื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

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ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื